1
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2021
/ 5  
 
   ( 1500-1956 .)
  : 3   :100
:     -     ,            
       
-
1.     ,  ,  ,        
 
2.            
-
3.         
4.    (1919-20)     
2
Easy2Siksha
-
5.   
     
6. 1949           
-
7. 1929-31              
8.           
3
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2021
/ 5  
 
   ( 1500-1956 .)
  : 3   :100
:     -     ,            
       
-
1.     ,  ,  ,        
 
:,   14
 17
    ,      
               ""
    " ,"    ,       
     ,     ,   , ,
,              
       
1.       
     :          
      '          ,
   ,             
             
      
    :         15
 
           
   ,      ,  ,  
4
Easy2Siksha
             

,    
    :         
                
       ,      
          
2.       
     :       
           
 '              
    ,         
             
  :       ,  
            
  '     ,     
  '      ,    
     
   :        
  -    -     ,
           '  
    ,  -        

3.       
  :         
     , ,      
     ,      '  
     ,        
             
              
   :           
,        ,      
              ' 
    ,            
  ,   
 :   
  ,
            '   
5
Easy2Siksha
 ,              , ,
       '   '     ,
       
4.      
      :        
 ,       -      
              ,   '
  ,             ,  
         
 :            
       ,          
       -       ,   
 -             
               
:-    ,     
  ,           
,             
             , 
    -   
5.      
 -    :   -    
    ,        
     ,   ,       
 ,        ,      
             
  
   :        
             , , 
               
,             
             
 
   :         
    ,  ,        
                
         ,  ,   
6
Easy2Siksha
      ,        
              
     

        , , ,   
           ,   ' 
              
""   
 ,          
                 
, 
              
  
2.            
:  - :   ?
       18
     19
    
        ,   -  ,   
                  
,  ,           
         
1.    
  :        ,    , 
 -           , 
             
            
      ,    '       
              '   
             
 -   :           
                  
             ,   
       '   ,   
         ,     

7
Easy2Siksha
2.     :  
                 ,
    ( 1804   )           
 '   ,        .   , 
 -     -  ,       
          :
      :           
                
,        
     :        ,      
          
   :          
 ,                
   
    :      ,    
 ,     
, 
    
      
           
     
      
3.   
  :           
 ,    .       
    ,
               
       
     
 
 
   :    1800            
            
 ,              ,  
        
 :          ,   , 
              
              ,  
     
  :            
  ,    ,         
     
           
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Easy2Siksha
         ,     
   
        
         
4.   
   :         
                
      -          
  ,           
             
 :            
 ,             
         ,     
  '  ,           
    
   :         ,    
          
    ,             

5.    
1801  :           
   ,      1801   '    
              ,  
                
             
  :          
           ,  
 ,             
            
  : 1802 ,           ,   
               , 
                
             
6.   
   :           
           ,       
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Easy2Siksha
             ,  
       ,         
 
  :          
         ,         '
                
      
7.    
  :        
                 
              
   
 ,      
:,          
'    ,           
       ,     '   
       
 :    
                   
                 
              ,     
    
    ',        
           ',    
       ,      
    
        ,       
              
           ,   
  
           
            
   
            
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-
3.         
:    
    
   ,  " "    , 19
    
 -          
  
(1810-1861)         -      
   ,            ,    
                
              
   
   
    ,       
  :
1.   :   -       ,   
  -    ,       ,     
                 
             
2.   :           ,   
              
3.     :  ,       ,
          ,    
            
   
 
    -          - ,
   ,            
    ,           
  
;      ,      
   
     ,     
     
   
  ,        
  :
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    :            
,              -
       II        
:           ' 
     ,   ,     
  -      '      
      -      
    
              :
1. -   
       -         
              
   :
  :      ,     
                   
     -     '    

  :    ,        
          
2.   
    -            
    
           
   :
    :         
 1858 ,      ,      III
          '       
       -         
  ,      ,  -   
  
   :  -   '   
 ,              
         1859      ,  
   
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3.       (1859)
        :
    :  ,  -      
  ,          
              
    :     ,  -       
,       ,   III       
  (   )  ,       
     ,         
4.        
   -            
    :
   :       ,    
   ,        ,  
   -         
     :   ,       , 
          " "     
                
,                ( 
     )        -   
      ,   ,    
  II     ,       
     
5.     
   -              
   :
      :           ,  
   -         1860 , - (
 ) ,        -     

    
    '            :
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 :        -   
               
  ,            
  :   ,           
           , 
               
   :   -        
              
           
 
      
          ,    
    :
       :       
     ,     ,    , 
-       ,      
  :           
             
               
   

   :     ' ,   , 
              
  ,     ,     
        
       
 
1861     , 
 II             ,  
               :
  (1866):   ,   1866  -  
             ,    
     
   (1870):  1870    -  
              , 
       
14
Easy2Siksha
   
 "      "         
               
            ,  
   


        ,       
           -   
 ,  ,     ,      
              ,   
   
       '   
               
      
4.    (1919-20)     
:    (1919-1920) -   
   
  ' 28 , 1919     ,       

 1914  1918       ,  , ,  
          ,     .      
       ,  (  )    
                
     
       
1.   I :      ,       
      ,         
   (  ' ,  ,   )   
             
2.     :  1919   1920      
         32       , 
    ' " "   :   (  
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Easy2Siksha
 ) ,    (     ),  
(    ),     (    )
3.     - :
o   (  ):        
        ,    
      
o    (   ):     
   '          
              
      
o    ( ):  " "      
    ,   - (      ),
 ,          
    
   
             
        :
1.     ( 231):        '  
     ,        
    
2.  :          ()
    132      (   $33
 ) '     ,     '   
3.   :      :
o -     
o             ,    
       
o         ,  "  " 

o               
    
4.   :          
  , 
       :
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Easy2Siksha
o   100,000    
o  (  ) '   
o  ,  ,        
o        ,   - ( ) 

5.    : ,      ,
  -            
     
 
6.     :        ,   
             
       ,         

   
           :
1.  '    :
o    ,    ,       
   (  231)         
             
    ,      

o           
                  
        ,      
     
2.    :           ' 
              
              
  
3.    :   '         , 
     
     
       "" (  )
4.         :        

 ,            , 
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   '  ,       
    
5.     :   ,      ,  
    ,        ,
        
      
        
    
           :
1.    :
o           
 ,   1920         
     ,       
 .
o       ,   ,    
      ,     
    
2.   :    ,    
  
          ""  , 
           
     
3.       II  :
o     ,   '     ,   
            
       ,    1939 
   
o              
  , 
          
  
 
4.  '  :
o       (  ,   
 )          
          
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o      , 1930    ,  
         ,   
  
5.     :  ,     
,             
            ,  
      '    

            ,   ,
                    
    ,              
                 
        ,       
               
      
 
 ,            
           , 
                
-
5.   
     
:   
  (NEP):    

   (NEP)       , 1921      
         1917     ,    ,
               
     
NEP             
               , 
          ,       
 
 
 
   (NEP)     :
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NEP     
1.         :
o 1917    ,       ' 
       ,        
             "
"    ,   ,     
    ,       
  :
  :        
,             
  ,     
  :  ,    
 
  
   
   :           
    ,      
 
2.    :
o            '   
         
  
  ,   ,   
         

  (NEP)     
NEP,  1921     ,           
     NEP     :
1.     :
o NEP             
       ,       
 , ,        ,  
     
o               
       
      
      
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2.       :
o     ,          
,         NEP     
           
        
o              
 
       ,        

3.      - :
o NEP              
         ,    
        
o        ,     
  
4.      :
o    ,         
            
           

        
5. 
 :
o NEP             ,
 (       )  NEP  ,
           
    
o               
         ,   
 
NEP  
1.  :           
      NEP      
       
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2.   :       ,  
           
  
3.          :NEP      
            
            
"   " 
NEP     
1.   :
o NEP            
 
             
     ,        
 1928 ,           ' 

2. -     :
o NEP                
    ,          
           ,   
   
3.       :
o              
     ,      , 
          -  
         
4.         :
o NEP        ,     
              
   ,           
    
NEP      
1.       :
o NEP     ,   "Nepmen" (    ) 
""              

    ,       
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            
       
2.      :
o        NEP     
  
          
           -   
              
NEP               
3.   :
o   NEP         ,    
      
    ,  -
'     ,   '      
                
4.    :
o         ,   ' 
    ,        , 
       
      
            
NEP        
1.     :
o 1924     ,     -    
   NEP           
       NEP   
 
       (     ) 
  
2.        - :
o 1928 ,    -     ,    
             
 NEP        '     
   
o    ,      '   
,              
   , -       

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NEP     
1.      :
o NEP        
      
 I,            
          .
2.        :
o NEP           
      ,     
                 
   
3.      
:
o NEP             
   
   ,             
  
4.     :
o NEP             '
             
       ,      
    


   ( )        ,      
                
   
            
   ,            
    NEP         
       ,       
   
6. 1949           
: 1949       
1949               -  
    (   )   -    
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Easy2Siksha
(   )             
                 
, 
       
1.            (KMT)
       :  -    
  '         
           
            
  ,       
      :      ,  ,
             

, ,        ,  
     
    :KMT   '         
   ,    ,      
 ,
        KMT     
       
2.  
    :   1940   ,   
              
,          '   , 
              
           ,   
   
  
     :  ,        
    '     ,  
           
    ,         
  
   :        
               ,
               
3.          
      : 1937  1945 ,  -     '
               , 
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  ,           
            
         
       :   ,  -
            
                  
              
             
     
4.        -  
 :  -        ,   

         '         
              ,    
      ,   ,  
      '  ,          
  -   :  -       
               '  , 
   ,       
              ,
    ( )      
5.        
      :           
     
      ,   
             
         
    
   
     :         ,  
  
               
                 
      
6.    
     :   ,     ,   
   ,       
       ,      
  ,             
           
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7.         
     : ,      
 ,           
          KMT   
  ,          
  
  :       ,   
            
, ,                 
    
8.       
     :        
     ,         

           ,  
      
       :      
  '     ,   '      ,  ,
             , 
         ,     
 
9.        
     :       
             
      ,     ,    
     
      '   :          
          '      
,   -   ,        
   
10.  :    
1949          :
          

    ,  ,         
27
Easy2Siksha
             

 -    ,       
          
            
           
                , 
               1949   
             ,    
         
-
7. 1929-31              
: 1929-31     :    
   ,      ,      
 1929      1931   ,          
 20
              
, 
         
      
               ,    
    ,                

1. 1929     
29 , 1929      ,  " " 
 ,       
1920   ,          
         ,       
 ,         
28
Easy2Siksha
,                 
 
               
  ,         
         ,       , 
  ,      
2.     
                
,       .
        '    ,    
         
 
,   
  
     ,     ,     
         
3.         
     ,        .  
                
    '    
      
 
       ,      
 
4.      
1920   ,   , ,        
   ,          , 
          
      
        
         
 

      ,    ,     
  ,         ,        
  
5.     
           
    
   '  
  
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  
    
,       
  ,           ,    
  
6.       
    ,          , 
         ,    
          '   
,       ,        ,
            (  
 ' )          
  ,      
 ,     '
    
7.    
  ,             
    , "  " 
       ,        ,
        ,    -    
 
     
      ,            
         :
1.   
               
,   25%   ,        
,               
              ,
             
2.   
            
  
      
     ,    
 
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,             
    ,      ,    
   
3.          
               ,    
      ,   .
      ,        
  ,      
4.       
        
     
            

 ,      
      ,      
              
5.      
            
   ,           

    ,            
  
      , 
     ,
        ,       
 
6.       
              
   ,            
    
              
   ,  ,       
        ,     
          
7.         
   ,           
      ,   .   "  "
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   ,       ,    
   
     ,  ,   , 
           
8.          
             
  ,              
      
  ,   -     ,     
    ,          
 ( ) 
9.     
             
           ,  -
 (-)    
    ,           
       ,     

10.    '  
             
       '  ,    
 
             
        

1929-31              
   ,      ,  ,   ,
        ,     ,   ,  
  ,           ,  ,   
 '     
       , 
   ,    
  ,       -    
              ,  
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    
             
  
8.           
:       
        1930       
      1933        , 
1945     ,            
                  
    
1.     
          '  :
1.1    
1.2      
1.3   
1.1          
         ,     
  :
    : 1933     ,     
            
      '          
1934 ,         
     :          
    ( )   ( )      
           ,  ,
            
      
1933  :       ( )  
         ,    ' 
  ,       
     :        
          - 
  ,           
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           , 
        ,       
     
1.2        
      " "  (       
     -    )      
        ' 
     :            
    1935          , 
-        '    ,  
-             , 
    '           
   
  (    ):9-10 , 1938 ,  ,    
               
  ,     ,      
              
    :  ""       
           " "
                  
            

1.3   
             ,  
      
   :    '       ,  
 (),   ,      
                
    
   :       
  ,             
           -   
             
     -           
  
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- ():  -   ,  

          '  
   
   ,  " "    ,     ,
    '        ,   
         
     
 ,     
2.     
        '  :
2.1     ()
2.2   
2.3  
2.4     
2.1     ()
              , 
                  
,      
 (Anschluss)  : 1938 ,     
     ,      ,  
                 
               

   :   ,    ,   '
,        , '     1938
,             ,  
            ,    
      ,  1939 ,     
          
2.2     
  ,          ,   '   
   ,    ,         

    :           
      1935 ,    '    ,
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   () ,   (  )   
 
   : 1936 ,      ,
,  -          , 
 
        ,      
   
           
2.3   
                :
 :1936 ,           
 ,  1939 ,      ,     '
   1940 ,      ,     
 
    -   : 1939 ,    
        -     ,
-     ,   '      '
 
   ',         .
               '  
  
2.4     
      '        '  
     :
  :1  1939    '       
                 
      ( )      ,  
      ,        ,
    
   :           
1940 ,         ,    ,
      1940 ,         
           ,   
    ,    
   :1941 ,       -
        ,      
            
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  ,   ,   ,      
     
 :               
     ,         , 60
        ,    ( ),   ,
   ,        

          ,  ,    
      ',     ,  
  ,           '
     ,      ,  
,            
       ,     ,    ,
        1945    , 
           
:       Ai      (     )       
         , 
   '        